Feminist Waves What Does the Metaphor Mean

Beginning with a 1968 article titled Second Feminist Wave by Martha Weinman Lear in the New York Times Magazine, the metaphor of waves was used to describe feminism at different points in history. The first wave of feminism is usually assumed to have begun in 1848 with the Seneca Falls Convention and to have ended in 1920, with the passage of the Nineteenth Amendment giving American women the vote.   While early in the movement, feminists took on such issues as education, religion, marriage law, admission to professions and financial and property rights, by 1920 the major focus of the first wave was on voting.   When that battle was won, womens rights activism seemed to disappear. Women’s Suffrage: What You Need to Know The second wave of feminism is usually assumed to begin in the 1960s and run through the ERA deadline of March, 1979, or the extended deadline in 1982. Second Wave Feminism: 1960s and 1970s But the truth is that there were feminists -- those who advocated womens advancement towards equality -- before 1848, and there was activism between 1920 and the 1960s on behalf of womens rights.   The periods from 1848 to 1920 and during the 1960s and 1970s saw more focus in such activism, and there were backlashes from 1920 – 1960 and starting in the 1970s, which lend some credence to the image of waves cresting and then the water falling back. Like many metaphors, the â€Å"waves† metaphor both reveals and hides some truths about the women’s rights movements.

Pestle Mcdonalds in India Essay - 1752 Words

42 years after assassination Malcolm X inspires militant struggle against racism By Monica Moorehead Published Feb 18, 2007 5:55 PM On Feb. 21, 1965, revolutionary Black nationalist leader Malcolm X was assassinated while making a speech at the Audubon Ballroom in Harlem, N.Y. He was only 39 years old. To this day, it is still widely believed throughout progressive sectors that the U.S. government was very much behind his death. Malcolm X | Consider the fact that the Federal Bureau of Investigation, a repressive arm of the U.S. Justice Department, began keeping a file on Malcolm X—then Malcolm Little—in March 1953, upon his release from prison. It was during his prison term that he became politically radicalized and joined†¦show more content†¦A cursory reading of his autobiography, â€Å"Dreams from My Father,† will prove this point. President Obama is truly an African American; parts of his roots are with the Luo people in East Africa. The Luo are an ethnic group in Kenya, Eastern Uganda and Northern Tanzania. The Luo are the third largest ethnic group (13 percent) in Kenya, after the Kikuyu (20 percent) and the Luhya (17 percent). The Luo and the Kikuyu inherited the bulk of political power in the first years following Kenya’s independence in 1963. When Malcolm visited Africa in 1964, he visited Kenya, Uganda and Tanzania. It was during that trip that he met with Kenyan President Jomo Kenyatta, Ugandan President Dr. Milton Obote, and President Julius K. Nyerere and Muhammad Babu of Tanzania. Babu, Malcolm and Leroi Jones (now Amiri Baraka) held a meeting during this period in New York City. Malcolm talked about meeting President Kenyatta. Malcolm, however, was also aware of Kenya’s Oginga Odinga. The original caption for this photo, taken June 1, 1963, reads: â€Å"Nairobi, Kenya – Waving his ‘wisk’ the newly-elected Premier of Kenya, Jomo Kenyatta (R, foreground), greeted throngs of cheering citizens as he rode through the streets of Nairobi. Accompanying Kenyatta are Tom Mboya (L), Minister of Justice and Constitutional Affairs; A. Oginga Odinga, Minister for Home Affairs; and James S. Gichuru, Minister for Finance. The motorcade was part of the National Holiday celebrations which marked the startShow MoreRelatedMarketing Mix and Pestle Analysis of Mcdonalds in India3095 Words   |  13 Pagesproviding burgers, chicken products, French fries, break fast, salads, shakes, soft drinks and desserts.    McDonald India - a subsidiary of McDonald USA, is a joint venture company namely Co naught Plaza restaurants and Hard castle restaurants. Mc Donald’s have 50% equity share in both Joint Ventures. 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Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing Essay Example For Students

Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing Essay Gaining competitive advantagethrough outsourcingAuthors:Sarah TagliapietraPeter PlatanNg Seow LiRalph SchneiderExecutive SummaryTodays escalating, competitive and demanding environment has forced players in themarketplace to be more efficient, to emphasize on a leaner organization and continuouslyinnovate new procedures to keep ahead of competitors. Adding final consumer value to theproduct or service in the form of lower prices, quality and better service has become anessential requirement in the global marketplace. Logistics outsourcing has become an attractive option in order to take advantage of globalopportunities, to acquire state of the art logistics capabilities, significantly improve customerservice and to enable focusing on core competencies. The purpose of this study is to present a theoretical framework for outsourcing actions as aguideline for companies on why and how to outsource. It gives a deeper insight on logisticaloutsourcing as a new and promising trend in the global environment while presenting themain logistical areas of outsourcing as well as the advantages and disadvantages. In order to effectively implement outsourcing, commitment from top to down managementand a wide understanding of all the stages and implications of outsourcing are required. Inorder to achieve these prerequisites and a successful implementation process, a modelintegrating the third- party logistics buying process and relationship improvement process ispresented. It emphasizes the importance of carefully identifying alternatives, the overallanalysis of partner selection with the help of specific criteria, mutual relationship buildingbetween logistics service buyer and provider through joint team building and continuousimprovement and performance measurement. The relationship positioning tool model can beused for the continuous enhancement and improving of the supplier-customer relationship. The results and overall reasons of outsourcing should focus on adding value to the finalconsumer of the product or service. By achieving lower logistical costs and a higher level ofquality and expertise these results can be used to add value to the consumer. The study points out that there is an increasing need for logistical outsourcing as a way to gaincompetitive advantage and as an instrument to meet the requirements of the companyscomplex environment. TABLE OF CONTENTS1.0 INTRODUCTION.. 11.1 OUTSOURCING TODAY. 11.2 LOGISTICS OUTSOURCING . 12.0 APPROACH .. 22.1 PURPOSE 22.2 METHOD 33.0 THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK .. 33.1 LOGISTICS OUTSOURCING DRIVERS.. 33.1.1. Advantages and disadvantages .. 43.2 THE IMPLEMENTATION OF OUTSOURCING .. 63.2.1 Model for outsourcing.. 63.2.2 Relationship positioning tool 93.3 AREAS OF OUTSOURCING. 103.3.1 Transportation 103.3.2 Warehousing 113.3.3 Inventory management .. 133.3.4 Information systems. 144.0 CASE EXAMPLE 154.1 BACKGROUND .. 154.2 OUTSOURCING SOLUTION 165.0 CONCLUSION.. 186.0 REFERENCES.. 19Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing11.0 INTRODUCTION1.1 Outsourcing todayTodays escalating, competitive and demanding environment has forced players in themarketplace to be more efficient and to emphasize on a leaner organization. Enterprises mustadapt with increasing speed to market pressure and competitors innovations. To survive in the21st century, enterprises are hurrying to:1) search glob ally for opportunities and resources2) focus on core competencies and mutually beneficial longer term relationships3) outsource those activities that can be performed more quickly and at a lower cost bysubcontractorsOutsourcing seems to be an attractive option to take advantage of global opportunities, toacquire state of the art logistics capabilities (often at lower costs), significantly improvecustomer service and most important to focus on core competencies. The idea of outsourcing is not new. It has been utilized traditionally, but on menial chores. Now it is currently a very popular strategy, commonly used by many companies. TheInternational Trade Commission reported that the trend is global. It expects the global 12%growth in outsourcing to continue, with revenues reaching US$ 99 billion. 1.2 Logistics OutsourcingLogistics outsourcing1 is a significant process. The total costs of logistics in highlyindustrialized countries reach about 18% to 30% of GNP. More than 50% of the final price ofthe product consists of logistical cost.2But this function, for many companies, is not a core competence. This meaning that logisticsis not the means by which the company differentiates itself. Yet it is a significant operation,because it can show a dramatic return on investment. When there exists an industry segmentsuch as logistics, which is a non-core activity to a large number of companies, there is anopportunity for a marketplace for outsourcing to develop. Logistics outsourcing is an attractive alternative, because it matches the three characteristicscompanies are striving for mentioned above (enhance globalization, gain benefits fromeconomies of scale and specialized process expertise). It has clear and objective metrics thatcan be easily measured by the buyer (inventory costs, inventory levels, the cost ofwarehousing space and transportation etc). The buyer can understand the benefits receivedfrom the outsourcing supplier and so the outsourcing relationships becomes an easy sell intodays competitive market place. 1 This practice is also known as Third Party Logistics (TPL). 2 Storhagen, 1995. Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing2Another driving factor for the decision to outsource is that specialized skills required forsuccess in supply-chain management are rapidly becoming more advanced and complex, so itbecomes essential to have good expertise at hand. These specialised skills include having theability to effectively use handling and storage technologies; planning software and supportinginfrastructure; data-communications technologies; decision-support; demand-planning andadvanced transportation planning and control tools. Example: Compaq, the worlds number one producer of personal computers, estimates it haslost around $1 billion in sales in 1994 because its laptops and desktops were not availablewhen and where customers were willing to buy them. Compaqs chief financial officer arguesthat his company made the most of what needed to be done in order to be more competitive. Compaq changed the developing, manufacturing, marketing and advertising of products. Theonly area that was not addressed was logistics. For most companies products, promotion and price are the competitive ingredients, while timeand place have taken a back seat. This relative neglect is now changing. The increase in thegeographical distances between production and consumption, and the concentration ofproduction to fewer and bigger units in order to be able to enjoy the economies-of-scale inproduction has increased the need to store and to transport. Distribution costs, as a percentageof revenue, are greater for international companies than their domestic counterparts. Complexity, long order lead times, unusual product-service requirements and differing legaland cultural factors in foreign countries have combined to create a more challenging operatingenvironment. Many companies are now seeking to exploit their logistical competence. Strategic vision calls for a willingness to offer extra value-adding services. Logisticallyspeaking, it means meeting commitments and shipments arriving when and where promised. Companies committed to the strategic use of logistics usually outperform the competition inspeed and consistency of the order cycle. The objective is to be the preferred supplier for keycustomers. Consequently companies are willing to use qualified external support to outsource. 2.0 ApproachWe will approach outsourcing from a theoretical framework by describing the processes andpossibilities of outsourcing and finally apply the methods to a practical case. 2.1 PurposeOur purpose is to present a theoretical framework for outsourcing actions as a guideline forcompanies on why and how to outsource. With this work we want to give a deep insight onlogistical outsourcing, as a new and promising trend in the global environment. We willexplain what outsourcing is and which are the opportunities offered in this field anddemonstrate how it can create value for the customer. To better show that it is not a riskyinvestment, but a new opportunity, we will propose a framework for the implementation ofthe outsourcing decisions, describing a possible relationship between a firm that wants to testoutsourcing opportunities and a logistical consultant company. We will also apply this theoryto a small case to give an example of how the consultant company could work in thatGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing3situation. Our purpose is to present the theoretical framework for outsourcing actions as aguideline for companies on why and how to out source. 2.2 MethodThe report has been based on a descriptive approach in strive to describe the reality; howoutsourcing can create value. No primary data was used in this report, as we used a case example for background on ourexample implementation. As such all information is secondary, achieved through studies ofrelevant literature, books and journals that proved useful to the study. 3.0 Theoretical FrameworkThis capital will deal with the theoretical framework of outsourcing. Presenting some of thebasic reasons why companies outsource and the advantages and disadvantages of theprocedure. A model for implementing the practical phases of the outsourcing process is alsopresented. Finally four possible areas of outsourcing are explored. 3.1 Logistics Outsourcing DriversAlthough logistics outsourcing can vary from one business enterprise to another the basicreasons and driving factors for outsourcing are:1) Facilitate and accelerate business reengineering: outsourcing allows enterprises torealize quickly the anticipated benefits of reengineering. Not only does outsourcing allowenterprises to accomplish rapidly the anticipated benefits of a structural change, but takeadvantage of already reengineered world-class provider. 2) Flexibility and reduced risk: an additional logistics outsourcing driver is risk reduction. Investments of a sizeable amount in a non-core business can have tremendous risks. Whenenterprises outsource they reduce workload fluctuations, improve flexibility and enhancecapabilities to adapt to changing opportunities. 3) Investment priority: logistics outsourcing is appealing to business enterprises becausethey can switch a large proportion of fixed costs into variable costs. This will not onlyimprove the enterprises balance sheet but also free capital funds for core business areas. 4) Reduce or control operating costs: cost reductions and operating cost controls are themost often cited reasons to use third party logistics (TPL). TPL seems to have leaneroverhead structures, more expertise, less excess capacity and better control. 5) Concentration on core business: to achieve a competitive advantage throughout thelogistical activities the company should continuously develop outsourcing, upgrading itsresources; but by doing this the company may loose the focus on its core activities. Byapplying third party logistics it can fill in the lack of expertise and technology knowledgewithout loosing the focus on its business:High quality logistics service: TPL enterprises are medium to large businesses. They tend to have extensive logistics expertise, state of the art equipment andGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing4excellent training for their personnel. The acquisition of these capabilities through anoutsourcing arrangement can result in an increase in the quality of logistics service thatthe contracting enterprise receives. Better and newer technology: logistics technology requires more often specialexpertise. A competent logistics provider can relieve the outsourcer of a timeconsuminglogistics function and a non-core business area that requires the latesttechnology to be successful. Figure 1: Driving factors of outsourcing3.1.1. Advantages and disadvantagesBy outsourcing the logistical activities the company can achieve great benefits, but it will haveto cope with some common issues. The following is a list of the most important ones, to givea useful insight on the convenience of undertaking this decision. The advantage that a company could gain through outsourcing can be seen both from theoperational and the strategic point of view. Too often companies look at outsourcing as amean to lower only short-term direct costs (operational impact). However, through strategicoutsourcing, companies can lower also their long-term capital investments and leverage theirkey competencies significantly (strategic impact). The following is a summarization of theoperational and strategic advantages of outsourcing. OPERATIONAL IMPACTS:Cost reduction: the outsourcer can experience lower logistics costs due to theincreased efficiency of the TPL;Improved logistics service: the outsourcer can benefit from the third partylogistics providers increased levels of service consistency. This enhancesefficiency and can lead to higher customer satisfaction;Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing5Reduced inventory costs: access to state of the art physical distribution systemsthrough outsourcing can reduce the amount of inventory required in the system. This results in lower inventory costs for the outsourcer;Capital investment reduction: the outsourcer doesnt have to face the assetinvestment because it is using the TPL providers facilities and equipment;Upgrade logistics system: the outsourcer can gain access to state of the artlogistics capabilities, at a fraction of the cost of upgrading its own system, byoutsourcing its logistics functions;Accommodated seasonal peaks: the problem of seasonal changes shifts from theoutsourcer to the TPL provider, so the former doesnt have to cope with it andcan achieve great flexibility. STRATEGIC IMPACTS:Access to logistic expertise: a strategic goal of the outsourcer could be to acquireand maintain a state of the art logistics expertise. The TPL provider is likely tobe aware of current developments in the logistics field such as new regulations,innovations and logistics technology. It will therefore pass on the benefits of itsknowledge to the outsourcer as a result of the outsourcing agreement;Easier access to foreign markets: an enterprise can gain access to foreignmarkets much more rapidly with the help of a TPL provider than if it tried to setup its own logistics network. By engaging in outsourcing, the outsourcer gainsaccess to the previously established local contacts of the third party logisticsprovider. It also acquires the ability to resolve local regulatory problems andovercome cultural differences using local expertise with professionalaccreditation. Possibly most important, however, is the opportunity to enter anew market without the necessary infrastruc ture costs. This reduced costdiminishes the risk of entering new markets;Concentrate on core competencies : some enterprises have found out that inorder to remain competitive in their field they must reduce the range of functionsthey perform and concentrate on their core competencies. To do this they mustreduce the resources and efforts expended outside their core skills. Manyenterprises have made the strategic decision to minimize their involvement inlogistics functions. Outsourcing offers enterprises the opportunity to reduce theirlogistics efforts while maintaining high standards of logistics service;Economies of scale: for many enterprises logistics economies of scale are notachievable due to the relatively small size of the enterprise. In some cases, astrategic decision can be made to access these economies of scale, not byexpanding, but by outsourcing the logistics functions to a TPL, which is alreadylarge and efficient enough to achieve the desired economies of scale. Outsourcing complete or partial activities creates great opportunities, but also new types ofrisks. The main disadvantages that the management can face are:Loss of critical skills: if the company doesnt realize that the logistic function inquestion is a core activity for itself, and it decides to outsource it, it will loosethe specific skills that constitute part of its competence;Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing6Loss of cross-functional skills: communication among the different functionaldepartments is usually difficult enough in a normal company, especiallyregarding logistics. It is easy to understand that it will be more difficult if thefunction is taken over by an external company (the outsourcing provider), so oneof the main issues in the implementation of the TPL relationship concerns theinformation system and its interfaces;Loss of control over the supply chain: since the logistics functions are beingoutsourced to another firm, which the parent company has no control over, itmay mean a loss of control over the logistics process and the service levels. Thismay in fact lead to the risk of trusting your partner too much; in fact there are nolegal restrictions on the penalties that can be sentenced on vendors for servicelevels not reached;Human resource issues: the outsourcing usually means a reorganization of thework and may sometimes not be accepted by management and employees, whichcan see the outsourcing provider as an interference. Management should solvethis issue by focusing on commitment and employee education;Lack of global logistics providers: even though the trend is to have a uniquepartner in outsourcing in order to achieve better communication and coordination,and even though we are going towards the globalization of themarkets, the company cannot trust a world-wide logistics network that wouldcompletely cover all of the relevant markets. Defense on socrates Essay3.3.3 Inventory managementA potential area of outsourcing is the inventory management functions, which are closelyrelated to warehousing. Inventory management is defined as inventory administration throughplanning, stock positioning, monitoring product age and ensuring product availability. A recent trend in logistics has been the reducing of carried inventory in order to reduce theoverall costs in the entire supply chain. This can be achieved through various alternatives, oneof them being outsourcing the inventory management function. Inventory managementfunctions include all the actions between the receiving of each stock-keeping unit until thespecific unit is load for transport. These functions are closely related to warehouse operationsand thus inventory management is often outsourced in combination with warehousing. The reasons for outsourcing inventory management include cost pressure due to new productsor scarcity of assets. Inventory costs represent a significant component of total logistics costsin many companies and the expanding product range increases the need for multiple types ofstock keeping units. Another reason is capacity constraints, which are effectively resolved bybuying extra capacity from outside. A third reason is the changing markets and customerrequirements. The inventory levels that a company holds directly effect the customer servicelevel and ability to reach the market. All of these factors can be resolved by buying third-partylogistical functions from outside which offer a variety of services. The outsourcing of inventory management has a major affect on the companys inventory costwhich consists of inventory carrying cost, order/setup cost, expected stockout costs and intransitinventory carrying cost. Of the above mentioned, inventory carrying cost is mostimportant. It consists of capital cost, storage space cost, inventory service cost and inventoryrisk cost, which may all be significantly reduced or totally removed through outsourcing. Thusthe inventory cost may also be used as a decision criteria for choosing an external serviceprovider. If the companys inventory carrying costs, added with other overhead inventorycosts, amount to a higher expenditure than the cost of outsourcing inventory management,then outsourcing should be considered as an effective solution. By calculating the totalamount of inventory cost by unit and comparing these numbers with correspondingoutsourcing unit prices valuable insight into the decision process can be gained. From an overall point of view the major effect of outsourcing inventory management is oninventory costs. Thus an essential decision driver in outsourcing inventory management is thereducing of asset investment in order to improve asset productivity. Third-party suppliers offerasset based facilities such as warehouses, which can be combined with inventory managementfunctions and services. Therefor outsourcing will eventually lead to improved assetproductivity, measured for example with return on investment, inventory turnover and profitmargin. This enables adding additional value to the companys products and for the finalcustomer in the form of better service and lower pricesGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing143.3.4 Information systemsDriven by information technologys ability to reduce co-ordination costs, business enterprisesare designing and implementing inter-organisational links to support commerce activities. These links take many forms, such as Integrated Logistics Information Systems (ILIS), Just InTime systems (JIT), Electronic Hierarchies and Markets and Enterprise Integration. Theinformation systems make available all the information for carrier negotiations, carriermanagement, shipment control and consolidation, financial reporting and freight in a faster,smarter, and less expensive way by reducing paperwork and redundant processes. But theconsolidation of different software programs can lead to problems, so outsourcing can be agood solution to have at the companys disposal resulting in high expertise and a betterintegration. The most outsourced activities in the information systems area are freight payment andauditing, cost accounting and control, and logistics management tools for monitoring,booking, tracking, tracing, and inventory management. To give an exhaustive view of the services usually provided by third-party logistics, wesearched information on the web sites of some of the firms included in this category. Thefollowing are examples of how different companies have resolved information systemprocedures and some of the services they offer in the area. GE INFORMATION SERVICES6Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)Purchasing and supplier managementInternet/Intranet/Extranet (this includes building trading communities of internaland external business partners, streamlining business processes and leveraginginvestments in enterprise-wide systems)Risk managementTrading community management servicesNetwork services (providing local support and customer service in all majorglobal markets)Messaging services ( e-mail, bulletin board and database management )CASS INFORMATION SYSTEMS7Freight invoicing, processing and controllingManagement reportingClient database interface systemsOn-line information retrievalInternet delivery systems (a supply chain management system which handlestransportation transactions, procurement of materials and supplies, maintenanceand reparation of items, utility, and warehousing )ENCOMPASS86 http://www.euro.geis.com/7 http://www.primary.net/sites/cassinfo/products.htmlGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing15P rogramming servicesLocal area networking (LAN) (design, upgrades/conversions, wide area connecton demand (ISDN), equipment installation, troubleshooting)Telecommuting systemsReal time system and network integration (office automation systems,information/document repositories, license tracking and metering, e-mailsystems)Needs analysis (needs identification, cost/benefit analysis, migration planning,standards and procedures, disaster recovery planning)Training services4.0 Case example4.1 BackgroundOur company is situated in the United States. It supplies medical and diagnostic systems tohospitals, physicians office, clinical laboratories and pharmacies. Since the company has beenrestructuring its line of business to focus exclusively on health care; during this time severalnon-health care businesses were divested. Substantial changes in the companys environmentdemand for a essential rethinking of the logistics system. The health care system itself is made up of two constituencies: payers (insurers, managed careorganisation and government entities) and providers (physicians, hospitals, long-term care andspecialty organisations). The soaring cost of health care had plunged the health care systemthroughout the industrialised world into turmoil. Efforts to control costs created greaterpressures for efficiency, technological breakthroughs and actions to widen access to healthcare systems and to improve the quality of services. The ability to respond efficiently andinnovatively became an important basis for competition among medical and diagnosticsuppliers. Conflicting pressures of providing quality medical care to all, while controlling thecost of health care products and services challenged the companies. In an attempt to control drug costs, the fastest growing expense in many health plans, healthinsurers began to offer financial incentives to providers who selected a lower-priced or genericdrug when a choice was available. Insurers made similar efforts to influence a patients choiceof doctors and hospitals. Intervention by insurers in decisions that had formerly rested solelywith the doctor and patient marked a major shift in the way people accessed the nationshealth care system. As insurers gained more control over the medical choices of individuals,suppliers to the health care industry began to address the economic needs of their customersand adapted their sales strategies accordingly. Purchasers were now more likely to useeconomic selection criteria in their purchasing decisions. Cost-benefit analyses, considerationof the suppliers distribution systems and the consolidation of vendors took precedence overtraditional relationship-building and attention to a products features and be nefits. Grouppurchasing became widespread and customers began to demand new services such as8 http://www.monmouth.com/dpietrowski/Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing16corporate supply agreements. As hospitals placed greater emphasis on inventory managementand purchasing programs with prime vendors, the ability to bundle products together ordeliver them at specified times and in prescribed ways became a major factor in vendorselection. Suppliers in turn looked for ways to improve their price position and become moreattractive to the hospitals, thus logistics took an important strategic role. Demonstrating valuewas no longer merely a competitive marketing advantage: it was the factor that sold theproduct. The increasing demand by hospitals to centralise and co-ordinate relationships with suppliersto achieve economies that they could pass on to their patients forces our company to react tothe demands through better logistic management, in particular outsourcing. Many studiestoday have argued on the need to focus on core competence. That is, our company shouldfocus on the areas that it can dominate and it consists of elements that are important to thecustomers in the long-run. This can be achieved by outsourcing through external logisticspecialists who can provide a customised solution for the company. 4.2 Outsourcing solutionThe following is a description of the practical implementation of outsourcing in the case of thedescribed company with the help of the models and methods presented in this study. Theprocedure is based on the implementation model described in section 3.2. The first phase: Diagnose and conceptualize needsThis requires defining the companys needs. It has to know what to outsource and what are thebenefits through logistical outsourcing. The possible areas and benefits of outsourcing areidentified in the table as follows:Areas BenefitsWarehousing ;TransportationGeographical coverageHigh flexibilityNo capital investmentOpportunity to hand function over to a team of expertdistribution managersConsolidating freight into full truckloadsGeographical coverageThe company has to be clear with the scope of the project and its ultimate objective. Given theimportance of time and costs in the pharmaceutical industry and the companys global market,we feel that transportation and warehousing are potential areas for outsourcing. We assumethat the companys scope in this particular outsourcing project is to focus on domesticoutbound truck transportation and warehousing of medical supplies, thus they will also haveto partly outsource their inventory manage ment. We suggest to not outsource informationtechnology as it is vital to the company to keep track with the rapid trace of innovation ofnew medical products and diagnostic systems, thus it contributes significant to its corecompetence. Therefor it will be useful to keep full control over Information Technology. Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing17The main objective is to create value for the customer for example by reducing the costs andbeing more flexible. The company can also benefit from the more general advantages likehanding over the logistic functions to experts or extended market coverage. This will lowercosts and add value to the final consumer in the form of better service and lower prices. There are specific advantages for the firm, which are very important to meet the requirementsgiven by the companys environment. First the hiring of the contract distributor allows thecompany to invest in the assets that support its primary business, as they want to concentrateon their core competencies. These assets represent an opportunity cost to invest fundselsewhere, which is a big advantage as they can relocate the funds to research anddevelopment functions, which is fundamental to a company in such a highly competitive andinnovative environment. The contracted firm will handle a higher volume of products from different client accounts. The contracted warehouses offer significant freight savings, especially on an internationallevel, by consolidating freight into full truckloads, thus reducing costs which they can pass onto their customers. This also fits the request by customers for the ability to bundle productstogether or deliver them at specified times and in prescribed ways. In addition the increased market coverage along with more flexibility plays an important rolein offering better service to their customers as they began to take the suppliers distributionsystems into consideration. Nevertheless, we have to weigh these advantages against the possible disadvantages. First ofall the company with its high-value pharmaceuticals must reduce employee theft as much aspossible, which might be greater when contracting logistical services. Physical control in theform of security and necessary refrigeration for the medical products will be reduced andservice control for their customers and plants could be lost. Additionally there is the risk ofdamage to products or spoilage. But contract service providers usually have a good reputation,because they also have to navigate in an increasingly competitive environment. Possibly contact costs will not exceed private costs and there will be no management or unionacceptance problems. Neither will the lack of product volume be a problem in our companyscase. After our consulting work there will also be a sufficient understanding of contractservice and its value. Finally, in some regions contract warehousing may not be possible, because of the productshazardous nature or for some other reason, where the loss for the contracted firm would be toogreat. In this regions private warehousing for our company will be unavoidable. The second phase: Internal commitment and team buildingThis phase calls for a committed project team with people who thoroughly understand theoutsourcing process, objectives, agreed evaluation criteria and resources. The team shouldinclude people involved in the outbound truck transportation and warehousing functions. The third phase: Identify AlternativesGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing18The large number of logistic service providers, offering a wide range of services ranging fromorder processing to customer service, offer many alternatives for the company. Our companyhas to identify the alternative suppliers based on its cost reduction objective in outbound trucktransportation. Selection criteria will revolve around the common transportation issues of cost,transit time, reliability, capability, accessibility and security. Given the cost objective,potential partners are likely to be those who can provide the service at low cost. Cost issues onrates, minimum weights, loading and unloading facilities, packaging, damages in transit andspecial service available from a carrier are important. The fourth phase: Selecting partnerOur company has to reach a decision to choose a partner based on the evaluation of thealternatives. Using the theory of the previous section we suggest evaluating the alternativesmainly on the basis of the specific business requirements. This means finding partners able tohandle the sensitive products and the time, place and cost requirements to create final value tothe customers which is the overall objective of our company. The fifth and the sixth: Supplier commitment, implementation and continues improvementIn these two phases the company should proceed according to the given theory. Mostimportant is that there should be commitment between the company and the supplier. Anongoing improvement process should accomplish this. 5.0 ConclusionIn order to effectively implement outsourcing, commitment from top to down managementand a wide understanding of all the stages and implications of outsourcing are required. Inorder to achieve these prerequisites and a successful implementation process, a modelintegrating the third-party logistics buying process and relationship improvement process ispresented. It emphasizes the importance of carefully identifying alternatives, the overallanalysis of partner selection with the help of specific criteria, mutual relationship buildingbetween logistics service buyer and provider through joint team building and continuousimprovement and performance measurement. The relationship positioning tool model can beused for the continuous enhancement and improving of the supplier-customer relationship. As we pointed out there is an increasing need for logistical outsourcing as a way to gaincompetitive advantage and as an instrument to meet the requirements of the companyscomplex environment. Some of the basic advantages are lower short-term direct costs(operational impact). Through strategic outsourcing companies can also lower their long-termcapital investments and leverage their key competencies significantly (strategic impact). The results and overall reasons for outsourcing should focus on adding value to the finalconsumer of the product or service. By achieving lower logistical costs and a higher level ofquality and expertise these results can be used to add value to the consumer in the form oflower prices and better service. Gaining competitive advantage through outsourcing19Our report has presented the possible benefits of outsourcing in four important areas oflogistics. All the advantages and disadvantages have to be carefully taken into account beforetaking the final step in outsourcing. This will help companies to concentrate on their corecompetence and keep ahead of their competitors. 6.0 ReferencesLiterature:Andersson, (1997) Third party logistics: outsourcing logistics in partnerships, LinkopingsUniversitetCoyle, Bardi, Langley, (1996) The management of business logistics, West PublishingCompanyMacbeth and Ferguson, (1997) Partnership outsourcingGaining competitive advantage through outsourcing20SCMG Increasing The Potential for Local Sourcing to OEMs, Report of SERC/ACME grantGR/F68119, Glasgow, 1991Internet:http://www.euro.geis.com/http://www.monmouth.com/dpietrowski/http://www.outsorcing-journal.comhttp://www.primary.net/sites/cassinfo/products.html

Natural Resources Economics

Sharks are disappearing from the ocean because there is the lack of effective regulations and laws to control the overly fishing and aspects of the international trade which can often be based on some illegal points. The problems in ecosystems and the popularity of sharks’ meat among consumers also affect the issue. This problem can be discussed as global, and it can result in the environmental collapse.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Natural Resources Economics specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More That is why, it is necessary to improve the points and conditions presented in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES) in order to state the regulations for the shark fishing and prevent any cases of the illegal trade. Furthermore, it is necessary to support the idea of banning the trade of shark fin products, proposing the actual projects for regulations. In addition, it is necessary to increase penalties for illegal fishing and trade. The current approaches to managing the Gray Wolf of Michigan are not enough. The failures in the programs can lead to the problems in the ecosystem’s balance. The focus on the associated hunting cannot be discussed as economically reasonable because the fact of killing the Gray Wolf of Michigan can lead to the destruction of the ecosystem, and its restoration needs significant financial resources. That is why, it is necessary to develop the programs and regulations according to which hunting in relation to the Gray Wolf of Michigan should be prohibited; killing animals in the situations of the conflicts should be prohibited; and the additional resources to control the number of animals should be provided with references to the research costs in order to explore the associated ecosystem to prevent the ecological problems. In spite of the fact that the multiple-use management approach is still relevant to be used in relation to the forest management, it is necessary to pay more attention to the ecosystem management approach according to which the health of forests should be supported. Today, it is necessary to promote the idea of the forest ecology and to create the necessary conditions for the forest organisms’ development within the appropriate environments. This goal should be prioritized instead of focusing on producing the market goods as it was stated earlier in relation to the tendencies in the forest management.Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Nevertheless, the problem is in the fact that the ecosystem management ignores the social and economic aspects associated with the forest management. That is why, the forest should be managed according to the developed balanced system where the ecosystem approach is connected with the positive elements of the multiple-use management approach. From this po int, the forest health remains the priority, but the economic and social aspects are not ignored. The traditional market economy is focused on assessing the financial benefits related to production systems in order to choose the most efficient systems based on the economically effective use of resources. However, this economic system is limited because of not relying on a range of non-economic aspects, such as the focus on ecologically sustainable systems and renewable resources. On the contrary, the ecological economy approach to natural resource use addresses these factors because the ecological economy states the connections between the economic systems and ecological systems where the development of the ecosystem plays a significant role in influencing the economy of the region. According to the ecological approach, the natural resources are used to respond to the principles of sustainability, renewability, and often to the idea of organic production. From this point, it is more important for the society to refer to the ecological economy approach because the economic progress is guaranteed along with the efficient use of natural resources to create the sustainable environment. This essay on Natural Resources Economics was written and submitted by user Anthony Medina to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Kents most notable characteristics are his loyalty and bluntness Essays

Kents most notable characteristics are his loyalty and bluntness Essays Kents most notable characteristics are his loyalty and bluntness Essay Kents most notable characteristics are his loyalty and bluntness Essay Essay Topic: Literature The character of King Lears Kent is a formidable one. Whether it is the extent of his service to the King, the harshness and imagination with which he fights to defend the King or his character progression throughout the play. His most notable characteristics are definitely his incessant loyalty and his use of blunt language when his respectful interjections are ignored. It is his loyalty that motivates him and his bluntness that lands him in trouble. He speaks up to the King and warns him about his hideous rashness in the treatment of Cordelia and is blunt and to the point What wouldst thou do, old man? Act 1 Scene 1; but only uses this language when he is not being taken into consideration. We normally hear Kent referring to the King in a respectful and loyal manner my lord and my leige. His bluntness and forwardness towards the King leads to his banishment, which Kent accepts but not without a final word of advice See better Lear, and let me still remain the true blank of thine eye. Act 1 Scene 1 We notice that his advice and speeches are justified by the subsequent events of the play. His reference towards the Kings daughters prior to leaving the court is a sign of what is still to come . the gods to their dear shelter take thee, maid, that justly thinkst and hast most rightly said;(to Cordelia) And your large speeches may your deeds approve, that good effects may spring from words of love. (To Goneril Regan) Act 1 Scene 1 The extent of his loyalty is shown when he assumes the disguise as Caius and presents himself to the King, in order to remain close to him. If but as well I other accents borrow that can my speech diffuse, my good intent May carry through itself to that full issue for which I razed my likeness. Now, banishment Kent, if thou canst serve where thou dost stand condemned So may it come thy master whom thou lovst shall find thee full of labours. He offers his services to the King, and relates how he thinks a servant, counsel or aid should serve the King, which is the same way he had served the King in the past I can keep honest counsel, ride, run, mar a curious tale in telling it and deliver a plain message bluntly. That which ordinary men are fit for I am qualified in, and the best of me is diligence. Act 1 Scene 4 This is ironic though as the same reasons Lear banished Kent are the same reasons he is employing Caius! He proves his loyalty by defending Lear against Oswald, he trips him. Lear begins to trust Caius and gives him a letter to be delivered to Regan. Kent pledges his loyalty and obedience; I will not sleep, my lord, till I have delivered your letter. When Lear arrives at Gloucesters castle and is confronted with Oswald, we see the light heartedness and imagery used to portray the emotions and situation within the play; this was Shakespeares way of interjecting a bit of Comic Relief into this stressful play. Again we see the modesty of Kents character and loyalty towards the King when he bluntly insults Regan, Cornwall and Edgar in Act 2 Scene 2 I have seen better faces in my time than stands on any shoulder that I see before me at this instant. His speech once again leads him to trouble and he ends up in the stocks. Kent keeps us informed on the plot development of the play and on Cordelias movements and plans. He is very concerned about the King out in the storm, the Kings comfort and well-being are of utmost importance to him. Gracious my lord, hard by here is a hovel:.. Kent tries to reason with Lear when he starts to compare himself to Poor Tom (Edgar), he tries to assist him; he hath no daughters, sir. (Act 3 Scene 4) When Kent meets Gloucester, he informs him of Lears state of mind and shows his concern for the well-being of the King; Here sir, but trouble him not; his wits are gone. He never stops protecting the King and assisting him. As the play progresses we notice that the role of Kent slowly reduces, initially he has great speeches and is ready to endure all, but only till his master needs him! Its like he loses all his purpose in life with the death of King Lear, and fades away; I have a journey, sir, shortly to go; My master calls me, I must not say no. He follows Lear even in death. Loyal to the end!

CTY ACT Score Requirements

CTY ACT Score Requirements SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips You’ve decided that you want to take part in the Center for Talented Youth at Johns Hopkins University. Good for you! Having made this decision, however, you probably have some questions about test score requirements - do you have to take the ACT in order to apply for CTY or its programs? What does taking the ACT qualify you for, and how well do you have to do on it? I'll answer all of these questions for you in this article. Now, read on... feature image credit: checklist by Jurgan Appelo, used under CC BY 2.0. Do I have to take the ACT to take part in CTY at JHU? Short answer: no. You should not take the ACT if you are under grade 7; CTY has different tests for younger students, like the School and College Abilities Test. If you’re in 7th grade or above, you can take the ACT; even so, however, it is not your only option if you want to participate CTY. Other tests used to qualify you for various CTY programs include the Spatial Test Battery, PSAT, and SAT. A word of warning: if you are younger than 13 years, 10 months and wish to participate in the Study of Exceptional Talent (SET), the ACT will NOT qualify you for it - the only way to qualify for the SET is by taking the SAT. What does the ACT qualify me for at CTY? So if you do take the ACT, what is your score relevant for? The Center for Talented Youth was considerate enough to create an eligibility assesment tool for prospective students; plug in which test you took, your grade when you took it, and your score, and the website will calculate which CTY programs you would be eligible for. This tool is great if you have already taken the ACT and have your score, but it's a little harder to use if you haven't yet taken the ACT; plus, it doesn't tell you what award ceremonies your score qualifies you for. To address these issues, I will discuss the specific ACT score requirements for each of the programs and award ceremonies at CTY. If you only want to know about a specific program's score requirements, go ahead and click on the name below to jump to it. Academic Explorations Intensive Studies CTYOnline courses Award Ceremonies Grand Ceremony Otherwise, keep reading for more information about what part of the ACT matters for CTY when it comes to score requirements (hint: not every section counts). So what are the ACT score requirements? Despite what you might expect, CTY does not care about your English or Science ACT scores, or about your Writing subscore. All that matter for ACT score requirements are your Math and Reading scores. I do not know why that is - best guess is that CTY wants to make sure ACT requirements are equivalent to the SAT requirements, which also only involve Math and Critical Reading subscores. I’ve made up five different tables of score requirements for your perusal. The first three contain the score requirements for CTY programs (Academic Explorations, Intensive Studies, and CTYOnline), while the last two contain information about qualifying for CTY's year-end Award Ceremonies. CTY Summer Programs: Academic Explorations Academic Explorations courses are held at sites all over the US as well as in Hong Kong. If you're a10th-12th grade student and meet Academic Explorations score requirements, your score also qualifies you for CTY's Princeton: Global Issues in the 21st Century program. The scores needed for CTY's Academic Explorations program are relatively low, compared to some of the other CTY programs. As with CTYOnline, high Reading scores qualify you to take courses in Humanities and Writing, while high Math scores qualify you to take courses in Math and Science. So are you eligible for Academic Explorations courses? If you took the ACT in†¦ And scored†¦ You are eligible for courses in†¦ 7th grade ≠¥ 15 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 16 on Math Math and Science 8th grade ≠¥ 18 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 18 on Math Math and Science 9th grade ≠¥ 21 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 20 on Math Math and Science 10th-12th grade ≠¥ 24 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 23 on Math Math and Science Go back to the list of programs with score requirements. CTY Summer Programs: Intensive Studies Similar to the Academic Explorations Program, CTY's Intensive Studies program also takes place across multiple locations, including Hong Kong. Caution: while there are some sites where both Academic Explorations and Intensive Studies courses are offered, this is not true for all CTY Summer sites, so pay close attention when scouting out potential summer study locations. The Intensive Studies programs have higher ACT score requirements, but they also allow a little more leeway when it comes to Math and Science courses. What do I mean by this? Take a look at the table below. If you took the ACT in†¦ And scored†¦ You are eligible for courses in†¦ 7th grade ≠¥ 21 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 23 on Math OR Math and Science ≠¥ 41 on M + R 8th grade ≠¥ 24 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 26 on Math OR Math and Science ≠¥ 47 on M + R 9th grade ≠¥ 27 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 28 on Math OR Math and Science ≠¥ 53 on M + R 10th-12th grade ≠¥ 29 on Reading Humanities and Writing ≠¥ 31 on Math OR Math and Science ≠¥ 57 on M + R While the eligibility standards for Humanities and Writing courses are fairly straightforward (your Reading score determines if you qualify), Intensive Studies does something I've never seen before for Math and Science course eligibility. If your ACT Math score does not meet CTY's specifications, you may still be eligible for Math and Science courses if your Math and Reading scores combined meet Intensive Studies Standards. For instance, according to the above table (using data from CTY), if I took the ACT in 9th grade and scored a 27 on Reading and 26 on Math, I would be eligible to take both Humanities and Writing courses (since my Reading score is ≠¥ 27) and Math and Science courses (since while my Math score is not ≠¥ 28, my 26 Math score + my 27 Reading score is ≠¥ 53). Moving on†¦onLINE, that is! Enthusiasm Uncurbed by David Goehring, used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Ah? onLINE, since I'm talking about online classes next? Get it? Get it? (Regrets I have for this segue: ZERO). Go back to the list of programs with score requirements. CTYOnline Courses The ACT score requirements for CTYOnline courses are very similar to the requirements for the Academic Exploration Courses; the main difference is that there are more specific requirements for older (10th-12th grade) students who wish to take CTYOnline courses. See the below table for more details. If you took the ACT in†¦ And scored†¦ You are eligible for courses in†¦ 7th grade ≠¥ 15 Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 16 on Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language 8th grade ≠¥ 18 on Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 18 on Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language 9th grade ≠¥ 21 on Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 20 on Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language 10th grade ≠¥ 24 on Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 23 on Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language th grade ≠¥ 27 on Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 25 in Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language 12th grade ≠¥ 30 on Reading Writing, Critical Reading, Grammar, Humanities, World Languages, Social Sciences ≠¥ 28 in Math Math, Computer Science, Science, World Language Go back to the list of programs with score requirements. Award Ceremonies Eligibility The top 30% of CTY students who participated in the Talent Search are honored at regional Award Ceremonies in multiple locations in the US and China. How do you know if you qualify? If you took the ACT in†¦ 7th Grade 8th Grade And EITHER in Math scored†¦ ≠¥ 21 ≠¥ 24 OR in Critical Reading scored†¦ ≠¥ 22 †¦then you will be honored at an Award Ceremony with a medal and recognition of your achievement. Go back to the list of programs with score requirements. Grand Ceremony Eligibility CTY's Grand Ceremony is an international award ceremony, held once a year in Johns Hopkins University's Shriver Hall. The students honored at the ceremony are a selective subset of all students who qualify for the regional Award Ceremonies. So how do you know if you qualify for the Grand Ceremony? If you took the ACT in†¦ 7th Grade 8th Grade And EITHER in Math scored†¦ ≠¥ 28 ≠¥ 32 OR in Critical Reading scored†¦ ≠¥ 31 ≠¥ 33 †¦then you will be honored at the Grand Ceremony with a medal and recognition. LuMaxArt Golden Guy Trophy Winner! by Scott Maxwell, used under CC BY-SA 2.0. Go back to the list of programs with score requirements. CTY ACT Requirements: Some Logistics If you’re taking the ACT as part of the Talent Search, you need to register for the ACT with very specific information. Use CTY's "Before The Test" information to make sure that your scores will be sent to the right place. What if you took the ACT on your own, without being part of the Talent Search, and now want to apply to one of CTY's summer programs, or take a CTYOnline course? Don't worry - you can still apply to summer programs and CTYOnline - you just need to make sure that you submit a copy of an official score report with your summer program or CTYOnline application. How Do I Meet The Requirements? 5 Points To Keep In Mind 1. Spend time prepping. Yes, the test is being used as a sorting tool by CTY, and when you're taking the ACT as a 7th or 8th grader you don't have to worry about getting the score that will get you into college. But let's be realistic: you'll need at least SOME test prep. This in no way means that you should invest in any kind of ACT prep course - just that, at the BARE minimum, you'll want to familiarize yourself with the ACT's structure and timing. You should take a practice test to gauge where you are, then use this information to determine the amount you have to improve to meet the qualifications for your desired program. Know how much time you have to study so you can plan your prep accordingly. If you only have a few weeks before the ACT, you'll want to study more hours per week than if you have several months left. For more advice, read our articles about taking the ACT in 7th and 8th grade. 2. Take the ACT as early as you can and still feel prepared. If you take the ACT earlier on, you have a lower score threshold to meet (compare the 7th grade vs 8th -10th grade requirements for Academy Explorations and Intensive Studies courses). In general, older students know more than younger students (stop rolling your eyes, younger siblings), but if you've spent time prepping, it's worth it to take it sooner rather than later. 3. Building off of the above point, make sure you take the ACT early enough during the school year to qualify for CTY programs. If you're at all interested in CTY's summer programs, you should try to test by early January of that year at the latest; otherwise, you may have difficulty getting into the programs. If you want to be honored in the Spring Award Ceremonies, you must have tested by the end of February. Otherwise, you will get rolled over into the next year's Award Ceremonies. Of course, in either case, you can retake the ACT if your score is too low to qualify you for the program or the award ceremony you want, since CTY will only consider your highest score; in fact, this makes it even more important to take the ACT earlier in the school year, so that you have a chance to retest if necessary and still be eligible for summer courses and spring award ceremonies. 4. If you have a standout test section, focus on it. CTY is unlike most colleges and universities in that you can get in to its programs even if you only do well on one section of the ACT. If you find that you're getting in practice scores of around 16 on Math but 25 for Reading, own it. In the above example, you're better off putting in the time to make sure you can consistently get above the score threshold for Reading than you are trying to bring up all of your section scores. And for Intensive Studies courses, a really stellar Reading score can make up for an abysmal Math score - check out the Intensive Studies score requirements discussion above if you don't believe me! 5. Know the ACT strategies that are appropriate for your level. Advice for getting a 36 on a section will not necessarily be relevant if you only need to get above a 23. One example of this is that if you’re aiming for a 26, you can skip the hardest 20% of questions entirely and just focus on answering as many of the easier questions correctly as possible (although since the ACT does not penalize for wrong answers, make sure to leave no space blank, even if you end up choosing â€Å"B† every time). We have more useful information like this in our articles on how to guess correctly on the ACT and how to prepare for ACT English, Math, Reading, and Science. What’s Next? Curious about the SAT requirements for CTY? Read my comprehensive article on the different SAT requirements for various CTY programs. Want to know more about CTY at JHU? I go into more detail on the CTY Talent Search and what programs and resources you gain by participating in CTY in this guide. What are some other programs for gifted/talented students? Find out more about Duke TIP, the Summer Institute for the Gifted, and Stanford EPGY. Want to improve your ACT score by 4 points? Check out our best-in-class online ACT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your ACT score by 4 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also have expert instructors who can grade every one of your practice ACT essays, giving feedback on how to improve your score. Check out our 5-day free trial:

Respiratory failure Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Respiratory failure - Case Study Example A fall arterial oxygen tension (Pa, O2) of 6.0 kPa (45 mmHg) or both, is indicative of respiratory failure (Roussos and Koutsoukou, 2003). Respiratory failure may be acute or chronic. In case of Wilson, the respiratory failure is acute and this is indicated by the drastic change in the acid-base status (pH= 7.3). The cause of respiratory failure in him is the right lower lobe collapse-consolidation secondary to pneumonia. Lower respiratory tract infection is known as pneumonia. The pathology lies in the parenchyma of the lungs which consist of alveolar sacs. There are several causes of pneumonia, the most common of which is bacterial (Stephen, 2009). Bacterial pneumonia can be community acquired or hospital-acquired. In case of Wilson, the pneumonia is hospital acquired. Â  Decreased oxygen saturation: Acute respiratory failure occurs when the body is unable to maintain gas exchange at a rate on par with the demands of the body like in pneumonia. The damage to lung parenchyma in pneumonia results in the release of inflammatory mediators and fluids because of which intrapulmonary shunting, ventilation-perfusion mismatching, hypoventilation and diffusion defects occur (Stephen, 2009). All these eventually lead to hypoxemia which is evident in the blood gas analysis of Wilson (Ranjit, 2001). In ventilation-perfusion mismatch, areas which have lower ventilation as against perfusion contribute to hypoxemia.

Role of Set Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of Set Design - Essay Example that the design has the ability to suggest the style and tone of the entire production, create the mood and atmosphere of the action, give an idea of the specific time and place that the action occurs and offer creative possibilities for the movement and grouping of the actors. This paper will therefore discuss the role of set design in the Le Jour se Leve film production basing on the remarks made by Bazin. In this film, Bazin identifies different components of set design that were used in Le Jour se Leve. Bazin identifies that film is impeccable in that its representation of symbolism does not take precedence over its realism, instead the one complements the other. Carnà © uses set design appropriately to analyze various specific items and materials that comprise the architecture and furniture that were used. Bazin also brings out a considerate analysis of the relationship between imagery and pragmatism. However, the constructed sets that Bazin prefers rather than the definite locations controverts his remarks concerning complementary balance. Consequently, Bazin points out that since it is often used in close ups, role of glass was apparent. He argues that the glass had three main qualities. The principles are its transparency which develops faith in the audience, its deceptiveness that separates the audience from the actor and its drama that is brought up by the ignorance of the transparent glass by the audience. This is so since ignoring the glass would lead to its breakage and disaster. The balance created between transparency and deceit denotes not only the connection between the different characters in the play but also between the structure of the plot of the film and the audience. For example, Valentin controls Francois at various instances, she even tells him that he is the father of the child after all the other men had been involved with her. Bazin identifies that the film uses flashbacks and manipulates the viewers. This film thus generates a proper

Effects of Pollution on World Economy Essay Example for Free

Effects of Pollution on World Economy Essay Today, the increase in the world population and the fact that improved lives leads to life in the cities could only mean more pollution and a concern for every one. The daily requirements of the humans have created an unrelenting world where human enterprise would not be ignored. The direct or indirect involvement such has been created by the necessity to survive largely as the major reason. Although, at times the basic force behind that, is the human nature to live comfortable lives by making work easier. Human activities on the face of the earth have affected the natural settings leading to major environmental impacts. Damage to the environment through pollution has always been the overriding result rather than improvement and development. In the recent increase in green house gas emissions have been rampant therefore warranting research, analyses and survey. The green house gases include carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocarbons that cause air pollution chemicals responsible for water pollution water and other metals that cause pollution to land and water (Hill, 2004). The analysis of pollution The graph below illustrates the yearly carbon emissions from different regions from 1800 up to 2000 in Million metric tons of carbon per year. From, this graph it is clear that the most leading countries in carbon emissions rank among the most developed countries. Developing countries and the less developed countries like Africa rank the lowest from this graph. It has been explained that less developed and developing countries is that economic costs of environmental regulation and compliance are small in respect to factors of production inclining more to those that influence comparative advantage (Gallagher, 2004) Source: Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Online, n. d. There is evidence that increase in economic growth leads to an increase in pollution has been authenticated by the research in Mexico by the use of Kuznet curve. What Gallagher in his paper says is that pollution surpasses the economic growth thus the industries must come with strong environment strategies to ensure hat the growth of both are at per. Otherwise pollution leads to loss of profits made by an industry. This means that pollution eats back to what has lead to the accumulation of wealth (Gallagher, 2004). Pollution effects from a negative outlook What do we mean by the term environment? The environment is composed of the natural situations that form the human living space. This means that these are the inputs for nature that man has to turn to at one point of his life for survival or to aid in acquisition of an otherwise important need in his or her life. In economic terms the environment is seen as a scarce good that has its own special attributes (Siebert, 2007). The argument is that environment has two conflicting functions, one being a public consumption good and the other a home for deposition of waste from the consumption and production processes. The transformation of the environment on the other hand has affected the humans and the enterprise leading to a cyclic system; a system that works by triggering form one end and the process comes back trough and from another end. One of the major environmental impacts has been pollution thus this research paper will concern on how pollution affects the world economy from all perspectives. Pollution in the world has seen the increase in carbon dioxide and fixation of nitrogen present in air since the start of industrial revolution. The major reason for this increase is due to human activities changing and recoursing the natural law order of making and degeneration of organic and inorganic substances. Fresh water available sources have been put into human use and millions of birds have gone to extinction due to human activities. It is very clear that the rate of degeneration caused by man is much faster than the way natural order would take to replace back or deal with the amount of excretion. This therefore, means we have a cause to worry because in the quest for dominion of the earth and to improve our lives the other side of the balance is getting heavier. The process of natural replacement requires one to a hundred years to be effective therefore if pollution goes on with the same kind of alarming rate then man has to use his own means to replace the depleted materials to their original levels. This is very costly and affects the world’s economy negatively (Ash Scholes, 2005). It is thus crucial to harmonize the different views on pollution to achieve pragmatism and success in the fight against man’s environment eventual extinction due to his own activities. This statement stems from the fact that pollution rates are different form the position of the country or region in that developing countries have the highest rates of pollution. This is a result of inadequate and many times lack of planning policies for the management of the waste form industries. On the other hand the rampant corruption harbored in these countries contributes immensely to the mismanagement of funds meant for the environment conservation and measures taken to avert the consequences of industrial effluents. However this does not mean that the developed countries are an exempt from this blame. Some of the most developed countries like America have large number of pollution from industries leading to mass destruction of animals especially in rivers lakes. At times these pollutant ranges to national border effects transported by agents like water and wind. Most of the large world economies since 1980’s have adopted the liberalized economy. This involves the right to engage in free trade using the available means of production. This thus, raises the concern of economy from the effect of pollution as a result of different countries applying all their resources to beat their inadequacy. This has translated to pollution taking two major turns. The first is the pollution from production and the second is pollution arising from consumption. In the quest to sustain energy production and sufficient supply of power major economies like China have resulted to using nuclear energy. This source of energy is renewable but has high dangers of leaking emission s to the atmosphere which can be lethal. The fact is that if it is lethal then it upsets the supply of labor if death occurs due to its results (Ash and Scholes, 2005). Labor is a very important factor of production which when terminated can lead to closure of factories besides causing negative growth. A very good example is the Bhopal accident in India that lead to the closure of the pesticide company due to death of 2000 to 8000 workers hours after the accident. Therefore the increased concern in the world environmental management has lead to United Nations concern of a fast fading natural setting world. This can be explained by the Kyoto protocol of 1997 which sought to achieve stabilization of green house gas concentrations in the atmosphere from dangerous levels that cause anthropogenic interference with the climate of the world. Many less developed and developing countries find themselves in situations of lack of enough capital to invest in the business equipment. It is therefore to assign a mammoth task to ask these business firms or industries to assign capital for purposes of preventing pollution. The implication from such kind of scenarios is that the externalities of pollution end up being passed to the society and to the governments indirectly. It is common in these economies to find that strategic industries are exempted from policies that are meant to curb the externalities because governments are not in position to make policies of internalization due to the importance attached (Stellman Bureau, 1998). Pollution has proved to be very costly to countries in terms of health and safety, waste, and clean up costs. Of most crucial point to be noted is the reduced life expectancy especially in developing nations. When pollution either air, water, land, noise or any other has adverse effects to the humans it becomes a major concern to check and rationalize the existence of such a firm or industry. Human life should be first be respected from any angle of perspective. The United Nations millennium goals state that life is a right that is inalienable. Therefore, the slightest notion that life human life is at risk should not be taken lightly. Gravity lies at the core of issues pertaining pollution and disturbance of human life. The greatest damage to the economy would be to destroy human life emanating from pollution. First it is not easy to diagnose the various signs and symptoms resulting from instances of pollution in the environment. This requires specialized personnel, equipments and a variety of high demanding technology to sort out the problem. Nonetheless, some of the effects to human health are life lasting thus the issues of compensation cannot be avoided. The point here is that a long and time exposure to pollution is an expense to the economy of a country. The expenditure in treating and maintaining health of humans caused by pollution is a major drawback to achieving success in the global development especially if the magnitude of such pollution is very prolonged over a long period of time (Limited, 2001). The other way of looking at the effect of pollution to the economy is the customer relation to pollution. From the point of any organization, firm, or business the ultimate final goal is to make profit. This means that form the management of business affairs all means must be employed to remain in the market for a long time and outdo other rival business or firms. This from the business point of view is very encouraging but to look at the other side of the face it has an ugly look. Pollution being a costly project requires planning for efficiency to balance internalities and externalities of a business. The damage that is done to the economy is that this cost is passed to the consumer. Such an economy where the consumer is robbed of the power to buy is a weak economy that is not driven by the market forces. It results to exploitation of the employer to the employee sine he has the means. The employee only works to achieve the basic needs. There is no pleasure derived from work thus the value of work in such an economy is downtrodden (Driesen, 2003). Pollution had had a myriad of problems and affects the economy of the world in a myriad ways. It is therefore, pertinent to mention that it might not be possible to tackle al of them. However, one major effect of pollution to the economy is international trade. The concept of international trade operates form the point of multinational companies moving to transnational border and trade relations between states. The fact that most of the products are transported from their place of manufacture to heir places of consumption means that they offer employment, so when such goods are found to be below standards or then they might be rejected. This means that the number of people who were working from these firms is laid off. This increases the rate of unemployment of such places in such countries. In this context, if such firms are closed the chances to improve are thwarted thus no chance is given to the possibility of innovation (Driesen, 2003). Conclusion In the light of this research paper it is worth to note that the effects of pollution have also a positive side. Already discussed above are the negative effects thus, the following part will try to look at the positive aspect of pollution. It might sound rather unconvincing but the approach will try to authenticate the concern correctly. Pollution being seen from the international trade of states lens can lead to effective prevention. This is possible from the fact that if a certain state identifies a certain product to be a pollutant then measures to control the production of such a product are put in place. This means that the regulations will apply to other state trading with this nation. This means that the overall economies are focused to have products that are acceptable to them and to other member states. This at he same time means that if pollution prevention measures are put in place the firms and manufacturing companies seek the alternative of innovating other methods to produce better goods that are in lime with the regulations on pollution prevention. This means that the products that arise as a result for this new invention are better placed thus they penetrate markets to leap heavily at the expense of the earlier polluting products. This raises the firm’s reputation as well as the market advantage (Driesen, 2003). At the same time, this new invention lead to offer of new employment thus the once aversive pollution firm now becomes the centre of interest by complete change of ideology and repackaging. If a manufacturing firm changes its products from the polluting ones to the zero or less polluting ones there is an increase in the requirement from the market due to the increase in population. This means that industrialization takes human life and aspects to another level of civilization. Thus, if there is no pollution we might be stagnating with obsolete technology that does not help mankind. Tabb argues that an economy grows from the pollution that emanates from the industries. If workers must die from pollution and in the response economy grows, then pollution is might be justified (Tabb, 1992).

Jean-Baptiste Lully Essay -- essays research papers fc

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Giovanni Battista Lulli was born on November 28, 1632. His father, Lorenzo di Maldo, was a miller and his mother, Caterina del Sera, was a miller’s daughter. Lully was born in Florence, Italy and lived there until age 11. While in Italy he studied dance and music; he played violin and guitar. In March of 1646 he moved to France to tutor Mlle de Montpensier in Italian. There he studied composition and harpsichord. Lully was able to hear the King’s grande bande perform, witness balls where the best French dance music was played. When Mlle de Montpensier was exiled from Paris, Lully was released from her service and gained the attention of King Louis XIV. In February 1653 he danced in â€Å"Ballet de la nuit† with the King and less than a month later was appointed the King’s â€Å"composituer de la musique instrumentale de Roi.† Over the next ten years Lully gained control over all the royal family’s court music. This is when he began experimenting with performance practices and changing the basic stylistic features of orchestral music. Lully’s â€Å"petits violons† brought him international fame. At this point Lully focused his career on ballets. They brought together Lully’s two favorite expressions of art: dance and music. The dances he composed shaped what is now known as â€Å"French music.† Between 1658 and 1671 Lully wrote thirty ballets. During this ballet frenzy he received his French citizenship and changed his name from Lulli to Lully. He also elevated his father’s status to â€Å"gentilhomme Florentin.† Also in 1661 Lully was appointed the composer of chamber music for the King. In 1664 Lully collaborated with Jean-Baptiste Molià ¨re and started composing comà ©dies-ballets. He didn’t thing the French language was appropriate for large works but was good for ballets. Perrin, a French composer, introduced opera around this time and Lully thought it was absurd. However, when Perrin’s â€Å"Promone† succeeded, Lully changed his mind. Perrin ended up in prison over a money dispute and Lully bought the opera patent from him. This gave him complete control of French operatic performances. Then in 1673 Molià ¨re died and the King granted the patent for the Royal Theater to Lylly also. Lully’s new operatic style grew out of his popular ballets. He kept the overture, entry music for the dancers, atmosphere and action symphonies, and some of the dances themselv... ...ed. Instrumentalists would only be used in scenes where an instrumentalist would normally be found in life: weddings, festivals, etc. Lully’s influence on the orchestra cannot be overstressed. He dramatically affected its style and importance. His orchestra was emulated all over Europe. Many of the characteristics that Lully developed are still in use today. Bibliography Anthony, James R., â€Å"Lully.† The New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians. 1980 ed., vol. 14, p. 315-326. Anthony, James R., H. Wiley Hitchcock, Edward Higginbottom, Graham Sadler, Albert Cohen. â€Å"French Baroque Masters.† The New Groves Dictionary of Music and Musicians. W.W. Norton and Company, 1986. p. 1-63 Buelow, George J., â€Å"Music and Society in the Late Baroque Era.† Music and Society in the Late Baroque Era. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall, 1994. p. 1-38 Harman, Alec and Anthony Milner. Late Renaissance and Baroque Music. Fairlawn: Essential Books, 1957. Heyer, John Hadju. Lully Studies. Cambridge Universal Press, 2000. Lewis, W. H., The Splendid Century: Life in the France of Louis XIV. Waveland Press, 1997 Newman, Joyce. Jean-Baptiste de Lully and His Tragà ©dies Lyrique. UMI Research Press, 1979.

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning

Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning The purpose of this assignment is to understand a teacher’s role and responsibilities in Lifelong Learning by summarising key aspects of legislation and codes of practise relating to the role of a teacher. Also by promoting equality, diversity and evaluating a teacher’s responsibility by identifying and meeting the needs of learners. It aims to understand the relationships between teachers and other professionals by analysing barriers, boundaries and reviewing points of referral to meet the needs of learners.Finally to understand a teacher’s responsibility for establishing and maintaining a safe and supportive learning environment and to explain how to promote appropriate behaviour and respect for others. I wish to teach multimedia design in a FE college or sixth form and my assignment will †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ A teacher needs to be aware of current legislation and codes of practise within their place of em ployment. Legislation must be adhered to by law whereas codes of practise are set by professional organisations, such as the Institute Of Learning (IOL) and can be often more specific to the industry. Related article: PTLLS Level 3 Assignments ExamplesThe Equality Act 2010 protects against discrimination and â€Å"bans unfair treatment of people because of protected characteristics they have. † (Home Office, 2012) The nine protected characteristics include: age, sex, disability, sexual orientation, gender re-assignment, marriage & civil partnership, pregnancy & maternity, race and religion or belief. Part 6 Chapter 2 of the act specifically defines legislation in further or higher education. The Equality Act sets out the different ways in which it is unlawful to treat someone, such as direct and indirect discrimination, harassment, victimisation and failing to make a reasonable adjustment for a disabled person. † Disability can be both physically and mentally. â€Å"Approximately 2% of the global population†¦ have intellectual disabilities, making it one of the largest disability populations in the world. † (wear the laces REF) They are amongst the most vu lnerable people in the world as they are â€Å"less likely to become employed, more likely to be victims of abuse and more likely to have poorer health & have trouble finding care. (ibib) In a learning environment, a teacher can ensure students with difficulties are provided with the correct support. A deaf student may require a carer who can use sign language to communicate between teacher and student. They could be positioned at the front of class so they can see visual presentations clearly or to focus and lip-read on the teacher. It is important to maintain a safe working environment in the classroom. Health and safety is the responsibility of both the teacher and the organisation.The Health and Safety at work act 1974 â€Å"is the primary piece of legislation covering occupational health and safety in the United Kingdom. † (hse. gov. uk) In most schools and colleges in the UK, all electrical equipment is subject to an annual Portable Appliance Test (PAT) which ensures t he appliance is safe to use. Teachers may advice students of correct posture when sitting at a computer for long periods and to take a 15 minute break every 2 hours. In art or scientific subjects, the teacher and students might need protective clothing and some students may be allergic to specific substances.Risk assessments must be completed by the teacher. There are limits to what a teacher can do in their position, known as professional boundaries, and it’s important not to cross these limits. A teacher, who may also be a qualified first aider, may feel it’s appropriate to administer first aid to an injured student. However if the teacher is not the designated first aider at the institution they would not be responsible. An exception to this would be if the student requires urgent medical attention, the teacher should use reasonable care until the designated first aider is present.Similarly a teacher may wish to offer counselling advice to a student. A teacher may n ot be qualified to provide this and counselling is not part of a teacher’s remit. The teacher should then refer the student to the designated councillor – the internal point of referral – or provide a contact number for an advice help line, known as an external point of referral. Boundaries are about knowing where a teacher’s role stops to ensure an equal learning experience to all learners. It is important to establish a safe and supportive learning environment.A teacher can achieve this by being a positive role model to their students and to be enthusiastic about their teaching. This should reflect in the student’s attitude and work. A casual approach to lessons will cause students to not pay attention, become disruptive and not turn up to lessons. Gravells suggests that â€Å"learners like routine and will expect you to be organised and professional. † (Gravells, 2008 p. 7) Setting ground rules will help learners know their limits and pro mote appropriate behaviour. Ground rules may include arriving on time, switching off mobile phones and not eating or drinking in class.Drinks in an IT room may spill over electrical equipment posing a health and safety risk. Ground rules give the learner added responsibility. â€Å"Often, if a rule is broken, it is the other learners that reprimand the offender. † (ibib p. 8) Ice-breakers are light-hearted exercises at the beginning of a course to introduce learners to each other, reduce anxiety and helps learners to relax into the course. Team exercises can be used throughout the course to energise learners, maintain focus, motivation and encourage teamwork. They also encourage learners who are more introverted to take an active part of the class. Roles, Responsibilities and Relationships in Lifelong Learning Cleo Peries 17/04/2013 Unit 008 Roles, responsibilities and relationships in lifelong learning. 1. 1 Summarise key aspects of legislation, regulatory requirements and codes of practice relating to own role and responsibilities. As an IT teacher, it is my duty to research and learn about Theories and Principles of Learning. I need to have a full understanding of the psychology of learning. The three main schools are Behaviourist, Cognitivist and Humanist. Current Legislative RequirementsEquality Act 2010 (this includes): †¢ Sex Discrimination Act 1976 †¢ Race Relations Act 1976 †¢ Disability Discrimination Act 1995 †¢ Employment Equality (Religion and Belief) Regulations 2003 †¢ Employment Equality (Sexual Orientation) Regulations 2003 †¢ Employment Equality (Age) Regulations 2006 As a teacher I have to abide by certain legal requirements – one being the Equality Act – this means I need to ensure that all the students in my class feel comfor table to be able to express themselves in a place of safety where their views and beliefs are respected by all students.I need to ensure that all the students are treated as individuals whilst being given a fair and equal opportunity to learn.Health and Safety Act at Work Regulations 1999 It is important to ensure Health and Safety Regulations are met – I teach in a class with computers and consequently, to name a few, I need to ensure that there are no leads lying around to cause accidents, chairs can be adjusted to the correct height for desks, sockets are not overloaded, classroom lights are fully operational, and ensure that every hour or so the students look away from the computer screen for at least 5 minutes, taking a break whilst we discuss the exercise at hand.Data Protection Act 1998 I have a duty to respect the Data Protection Act ensuring a student’s rights are kept intact. I cannot pass any information from an individual to a third party without their prio r written consent ensuring confidentiality is protected. 1|P a g e Cleo Peries 17/04/2013 The copyright designs and patents Acts 1998 and 2003 ‘The law gives the creators of literary, dramatic, musical, artistic works, sound recordings, broadcasts, films and typographical arrangement of published editions, rights to control the ways in which their material may be used. UKCCS Fact Sheet Issued April 2000; Last Updated 2009) http://www. copyrightservice. co. uk/copyright/p01_uk_copyright_law (viewed 17/04/2013) I need to ensure that the exercises I set are all my own work – the Copyright Act applies more to me than my students. Children’s Act 2004 (Every Child Matters) The Children’s Act aims to create boundaries to ensure that children feel supported in the learning process.The Act also proves useful in the Adult Learning Sector as some adults may have learning difficulties, dyslexia, or even language barriers that may not be obvious from the start, so in g eneral I need to be more creative in including them without isolating them – I like to teach by example as it has been proven students that struggle find it easier to understand an exercise if I do it first and then watch them as they do it.Students tend to learn quicker from practice than theory, and adults that may be a little more challenged feel included and happier they can contribute at the same level as the rest of the students giving them the confidence to be more receptive in the class. Codes of Practice The Code of Practice was developed by the profession for the profession and it outlines the behaviours expected when any group of people are gathered together – some are listed below: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Integrity Respect Care Practice Disclosure ResponsibilityAs a practice, ensuring the basics are met promotes teamwork as well as professionalism, if I treat others as I would like to be treated the courtesy is generally returned and the more cohesive the team the more can be accomplished in tighter time scales and in a happier environment. 2|P a g e