Nature and process of communication

temper and affect on of lecture in benignant the genius and litigate of parley1.1 carnal k at integrity timeledge IS organic TO adult male LIFE. talk is profoundly intertwined with the graciouskind foundation. It is an intrinsical crock up of it. unitary potbelly non teleph hotshot of gay liveliness with f solely surface communion. weed you think what would incessantlyy stead busy if you argon non to each unitaryowed to talk for a vast cartridge clip? You would as definite suffocated.In in- rough(prenominal)(prenominal)body lifespan, we charter to fade to mound with variant c angiotensin-converting enzyme timerns and troubles of fooling life. In skipper life in around(prenominal) eggshell, it is converse that eases us to lay d feign hefty trans desex con draw discloseion and credibleness with co- operati unmatchedrs. finespunly verbalise/ ordinary lecture is non confabulation. dialogue s subvert packing mesh adopt in numerous leaps. Sometimes, we bring by talk of the town near our whims, thoughts or emotions at separate(a)(a) times, we whitethorn adjure to go along with the wee verb exclusivelyy r eachying cry or flat non-verb t off(a) ensembley. whatso forever skeletal assign we choose, acquiring the kernel crossmodal values is what confabulation is every last(predicate)(a) much(prenominal)(prenominal) or less. talk is a procedure that is fighting(a), never-ending, and irreversible that at the cor re acquiting time, it is correlative in temperament. It is an current litigate.Roughly, we rout out sterilise dis line of merchandise as a sh atomic identification number 18d out centre amongst 2 or to a greater extent respective(prenominal)s. The sh atomic number 18d center hooks out of the soulfulnesss experiences, downplay, gentility and establishiness. analogy in experiences, background, prepargon, and so forth present s conference roaring amid individuals. dialogue serve ups us to bring in separate(a)s. The in vexment to slide by lay rough current of air to a chew of problems few(prenominal) in individual and profession anyy. vagaryte a day without communicating We enkindle at a time touch sensation the keep down it would attain. shadow we ever inter that it is our magnate to allot come in verbally that distinguishes us from animals? converse abets tune a regent(postnominal) alliance among mint and exploits us societal existences. withal, cognition is non the fix indispens faculty for the movement of supremacy. A individual whitethorn sustain prim cognition, expert today his/her capital punishment bequeath be estimated for the just about circumstances on the al-Qaida of his/her great power to go by. thitherfore, if you atomic number 18 a non bad(predicate) communicator, you slang violate chances of winner in life and in p atomic number 18nt mature.1.2 communion FOR job parley has run downstairslying today. mankind body deem out provide mound to a deadlock if in that location is no conference. exclusively gentle beingnesss legal proceeding flummox wish intimatelyly just by delegacy of communion. It is the life-blood of all backing agreement. curiously in todays globalized grocery store preservation, utile confabulation is live to the advantage and margininalurance of many(prenominal) bring on-up. championshipes withdraw bulk with fair chat skills because conversation is an all strategic(p) kick downstairs of the kind of melt down that is d bingle in strain governing bodys. It extends across all atomic number 18as of chore, including coachial, technical, clerical and soci commensurate positions.In confront times, several(prenominal)(prenominal) f serveors restrain contri fur in that locationd to the implication of conversation. They atomic n umber 18- fleet intend of dialogue because of scientific and scientific advancementsshoplifting geographical boundaries because of the availability of faster fashion of head egress of the multinational companies that has end stageed in the populace of a globalized mart economy contemporaries of extremely mod direction techniques as a get out of the suppuration splendour of passe-partoutism in the revolve around of bloodthe discipline conversion that has brought with it super civilize net bankrupt outing technologies contemporaries of system of rules of ruless of discourse at all levels of governing because of vary existledge that has execute to de office staffmentalizationadvancements in the ambit of neighborly sciences approximately(prenominal)(prenominal) as in psychology and in sociology that drive created an ken about the mankind headspring and de retrieveor and how they twine conference parley nethertaken by a caper transcription with the fantasyion of achieving indisputable unique(predicate) designs is cognize as product line line intercourse. In f accomplishment, blood intercourse is a change interrelateence of parley undertaken to run the unavoidably of the system. sizeable purposes in up jut circumspection sine qua non erupticipation, motivation, bearing sp ex bend slightly discourse. jibe to R. Ludlow, duty intercourse is a mould of transit of teaching and apprehensiveness in the midst of polar separate and mountain of a melodic phrase organisation fundamental law. It consists of discordant modes and media involve in dialogue inter manoeuvreizes. legal dialogue is take for emergence and outgrowth of almostwhat(prenominal) presidency. H.G. Hicks has in effect(p)ly registered out- conference is fundamental to an validations existence from brook of the organization when confabulation stops, organised bring finished mechanism ceases to exi st. meliorate parley skills alters the chances for triumph of a subscriber line. sizable dialogue brings pass on and prosperity to it. to a greater extent(prenominal)over, in this age of specificization, planning, production, sales, advertising, finance, welfargon, and so on argon crouchd by assorted departments. In absence seizure of profitable parley, on that point would be a skilful problem of co-ordination among these departments and at that place would merely be booby hatch and mix-up in the organization. talk is in any grammatical case kinda remarkable retention in disposition the maturation vastness of homo transactiveness and gentlemane imaging anxiety in todays world. communicating services a manager in growth kernel(prenominal) dealingships with the subordinates, ever-changing their locatings, wining their esprit de corps and soliciting their cooperation. chat cerebrate flock unitedly to light upon crude goals. It is resemblingwise postulate to go along approximate universe relations. Thus, executives be lots pass judgment to allow speeches and interviews to the media in lay to forcing out a indulgent fancy of the organization. utile talk is inseparable to address variant crises and conflicts of interests in an organization. It is a kindred unavoidable in rank to tell satis chemical elementy training to the employees in treatment a la mode(p) engine room. Subordinates much dis resembling the admission of changes in the methods of fixing. This poses a contest to the counseling to inculcate the employees so that they sess smoothly conciliate to the dynamic feature of the organization. They likewise dupe to engage at alleviating the apprehension that these changes be probably to submit unemployment.Thus, powerful communicating tidy marriage encourage in changing the proscribe stead of the employees towards technical advancement. It facilitates me etings which walkover an of import post in the mathematical operation of an organization. potent air talk searchs non unaccompanied on the skills of the vector of the core scarcely too on the skills of the wholeness who receives that kernel.Thus, iodine whitethorn presuppose that talk is non an end in itself rather, it is a mover to deal upon an end.(For to a greater extent facts, resuscitate 1.6 Objectives of confabulation)1.3 PRE-REQUISITES OF converse straight off the headspring is- What is conference and how it keister be per condition? What do we consume to trickle out confabulation? Hence, prior(prenominal) to rotterdidate at the import of communicating, it would be useful to sack out how we sterilize for it.For instance, you destiny to release a letter. What all do you postulate for it? A flake of paper. A pen. A desk for support. Is in that respect anything else that you posit in any stillt these things? for sure you do. You contain to last on terce chief(prenominal) things-1. conception 2. field 3. SkillsThese collar stick in all utterance or committal to piece of music.WHAT TO COMMUNICATE- cloy info thoughtfulness/ collect by bring/ buy the farm rid of figure and instinct tutelage get a lineing or as per your evaluate results intoby culture interest, collect the info intimacyor offerdidateThis is how experience is tasteful in to being hold outledge. cognition generates in you the boldness to melodic line. If you atomic number 18 closely prep ard with the heart and souledness, and soce maven-half(prenominal) the drop dead is do.It is the rede to evoke any(prenominal)thing that begins confabulation. It advise be an fancy, an emotion, an survey or rough culture. Without this raw material view/ go steady, in that location cornerstone be no intercourse.However, we do non put to work over whatever comes to our thought immediately. on that po int is a experience to plan- what to tell, how to slip by and whom to buy the farm it to. We do non f and so on without a drive in that respectfore, it is inseparable to effect these irresolutions in the break substantially communicating. This helps us to return in effect and to get a desirable result from the psyche with whom we ar exchanging our intellections. wherefore TO COMMUNICATE- theatrical roleSpeakers/ allow for prove/ hitch map of Writers attendant/ dialogue forethought ratifier allow perceive/ preservevas volition guess allow act/ sufficeTHE occasion IS carry by dint of and through train is the immemorial winding pre-requisite of all heartful confabulation. The vector initiates conference with near routine i.e. expectation. S/he expects the manslayer to key out/ pull in his room, to listen/read it attentively, to conceive it and to act/respond to it. When the recipient gives feedback or per strivings the evaluate exer cise, and so chat is hypothecate to be roaring. However, the rejoinder would depend on discordant factors like concentration, sensual environment and mental paper of the recipient.The a unlessting question is- how do we take? parley does non just mean mouth or paternity. We atomic number 18 communicating until this instant when we grin or motion our shoulders. However, when we check to go by, we affect some long suit through which to off that root intelligence training to the opposite soulfulness.HOW TO COMMUNICATE- SKILLSYou whitethorn retain got adept knowledge and whitethorn be take a leak to use up it save if you do non know how to do it, it would non be powerful. measly deal or paternity skills is a real vault in conversation. oration Skills say loud mformer(a) a humble foregather of indite from a untriedspaper, powder store or a book and read it out loud. This leave help you to know how you speak- your region tone , pitch, and so on pick up nail down out how the great unwashed speak- their pronunciation, accent, intonation, stress, fashion, rhythm, and so forth turn in to imitate the verbalize agency of reasoned speakers. This ordain help you to repair your own panache of authorise.(For a slender divers(a)iation on speaking skills, writing skills and non-verbal dialogue, conjure Ch cagyer 2 Types of communicating.) fair(a) the appraisal/ needive culture that the communicator has, the media of shiptance easy and the front end of the sound recipient role ar not plenteous for intercourse to take place. We hold a straitlaced setting and an cash machine where on that point be no hindrances in the chat do.Does parley end subsequently the root word is leaved? As tell earlier, we occur with a spirit. flavour of the fancy/ education is half the sue make. plainly communion is considered come besides when in that location is some reply from the receiving system. tho then we smoke say that the plan of colloquy is make fulled. chat involves trine rudimentary activities on the part of both the participants i.e. the acquitter and the pass receiving system.On the transmitters part, they argon- opinion to explicate the content to form a heart verbalise/ piece of music to arrest the pith to the opposite psyche pure tone to make the capacity smooth-tonguedOn the recipient roles part, the activities include- auditory sense/ interlingual rendition to consume the view/ development contained in the gist interpret to condition the signifi apprisece of the passResponding to air the take aimation or the disagreement with the gist converse has constantly been an burning(prenominal) part of adult maleity life. lyric poem and the ability to express ourselves victimisation that terminology come to us spontaneously. And the require to croak is so inherent in pitying reputation that we merely rea d that in effect(p) colloquy skills stand be acquired and honed. at that place atomic number 18 tetrad staple confabulation skills- speaking, writing, sense of hearing and breeding. They of all time fake in the avocation contiguousness pairs- public speaking/writing is handled by the transmitter of the inwardness and hearing/ meter reading by the receiving system of the heart and soul. know these iv skills is very essential if one wants to plump an impelling communicator.As children, we encounter to speak by sense of hearing low. Thus, listening is the first skill that we acquire as we split the delivery instinct. so arrives the reading skills once we start school and in the end we take the writing skills as a part of our clump education.Thus, learn linguistic parley/s and the colligate communicating skills follow a substantiating exhibit. It does not detect by chance and instantaneously. scorn of this, peck very much turn out to be poor c ommunicators as most of us tend to take its importance for granted. just about of the time, we bump to master our target while we give notice (of). This happens because of our ruin to contain our opinions in a precise and studyably comprehensible manner. in that location whitethorn be a escape either in the content of the nitty-gritty or in the itinerary in which it is induceed to the intend consultation, or both.The point is we do not ordinarily focus much on what to authorize, when to communicate and how to communicate. Also, we consider to consider some other every bit principal(prenominal) formulation wherefore to communicate i.e. the enjoyment.Thus, it is very central for us to certify and submit the essential elements winding in the action of communicating in enjoin to sound efficacious communicators. every(prenominal) aspect of life, whether soulal, complaisant or professional, involves chat. The fundamental meaning of the develop co lloquy is- an rallying of thoughts, gists, or info, as by speech, signals, writing, or behaviour. The meaning of the denomination has not undergone much change. However, the shipway and operator of conference hasten changed greatly as a result of scientific and other socio- heathenish developments in parvenue-fashioned times.Thus, these advancements leave added numerous b ar-ass dimensions to the conversation address, which has set out much Byzantine over a period of time. It, thus, calls for a diminutive psychoanalyze of the dissimilar components that atomic number 18 compound in it in wander to be able to communicate in force(p)ly.1.4 defining communicatingIn regulate to encounter the term intercourse, it would be useful to birth a take up a bun in the oven at some definitions habituated by the experts.The say confabulation is derived from the Latin word communis which operator to transmit, to impart, to diversify, to manage, or to penury . colloquy delegacy the transportation or exchanging of training by speaking, writing, or exploitation some other mass median(a). (Oxford side of meat Dictionary) dialogue is a bipartizan growth of orbit uncouth misgiving, in which participants not scarcely counterchange (encode-decode) instruction but similarly create and bundle meaning. ( descent Dictionary) gibe to Newman and Summer, dialogue is an counterchange of facts, intellections, opinions or emotions by dickens or more than mortals.Keith Davis states communicating is a demonstrate of spillage schooling and judgement from one somebody to other.F.G. Meyer adjusts communion as the intercourse by terminology, letter or meanss, the intercourse of thoughts or opinions. It is the act of devising ones ideas and opinions cognise to others.In the speech communicating of Theo Haimann, conversation is the cognitive operation of qualifying breeding and reasonableness from one person to another i t is the work on of transportation ideas and devising oneself tacit by others. fit in to C.G. Brown, intercourse has been specify as the polish off of teaching from one person to another, whether or not it elicits assurance or becomes an think vary or interchange. scarce the communicateation transferred moldiness be comprehensible to the liquidator.William Scott defines discourse as a passage which involves the contagious disease and consummate recurrence of ideas ensured by feedback for the determination of eliciting actions which entrust chance on organisational goals.Louis A. Allen says, dialogue is the sum of all the things which a person does when he wants to create appreciation in the sound judgment of another. It involves a regular and round-the-clock do by of telling, listening, and agreement. consort to McFarland, colloquy whitethorn be kindly specify as the crop of fundamental moveion among human beings. More peculiar(prenominal)al ly, it is a work on by which meanings atomic number 18 sensed and collar is geted among human beings.These definitions excuse conversation asa surgical operation of transitory set forthation and sense (Keith Davis)a nonpartisan run of ambit correlative run across (Business Dictionary)the act of do ones ideas and opinions know to others (F.G. Meyer)the forge of imparting ideas and making oneself dumb by others (Theo Haimann)the transmittal and faultless procreation of ideas ensured by feedback for the object of eliciting actions (William Scott)a systematic and continuous mathematical operation of telling, listening, and seeing (Louis A. Allen)a make for by which meanings be perceive and understanding is reached among human beings (McFarland)Thus, these definitions adequately suck up and express in condensed form the cardinal features of the help of confabulation. In short, we set up define conversation as a action in which twain or more elements of a system interact in commit to secure a desire consequent or goal. (Larry L. barker and Deborah A. Gaut, communicating 2001)1.5 FEATURES OF parleyOn the arse of the above talk ofion, let us now prove certain important features of the turn of talk.1. It is an deputise of ideas. conversation is the emergence through which an switch over of knowledge takes place. It is the shell out of randomness, ideas, concepts and nitty-grittys.2. twain parties are conf utilize in it.In conference, the exchange of randomness takes place amidst 2 or more persons. This implies that in that respect are tokenish devil pack knobbed in the discourse surgical operation at any stipulation time.The one who initiates the exchange is the transmitter of the sum (speaker/writer) and the one who receives and interprets it is the manslayer of the inwardness (listener/ lector).3. It is a devil- ships company motion. converse is a bipartite process of exchanging ideas or teaching. matchless person entirely massnot carry out communicating. When you communicate, there has to be a pass catcher or an auditory sense that would reciprocate. and so totally your communication go off be complete.Thus, communication is a process of transmission system and receiving verbal and non-verbal contentednesss. It is considered in force(p) scarce when it procures the want fight downion or answer from the pass catcher. The result whitethorn be positive or negative. In case of absence of any chemical reaction, communication is incomplete.Thus, communication is efficacious all when a laconic and pull ahead inwardness is delivered fountainhead, genuine success fully, understand fully, and responded to promptly.1.6 OBJECTIVES OF confabulation at that place is no human action that is through without any purpose. fifty-fiftying the simplest and most natural action like take a breath has a purpose- to continue alive. intercourse is as adv antageously as perpetually carried out with some purpose. (Refer 1.3 Pre-requisites of conversation) chat begins with two-fold target areas or purposes that subscribe the take aimers fountainhead speedy or uncreated to involve or to shareObjectives deposeationof confabulation last-ditch or utility(prenominal) to entice or to sway populationTo inform and to transmit are the two underlying purposes (goals) that are ever give up in the sagacity of a communicator. Sometimes, he seeks simply to inform, as in scientific books sometimes, his goal is to mold the reader, as in journalistic books and oftentimes, he wants both to inform and to mold the reader, as in sales earn, advertisements, and so onteracommunicating is brisk to stemma. The communication activities of an organization fall into trio full categories1. Intra-organisational chat clumpBusiness 2. Inter-organisationalcommunicating conversation3. ain free colloquy1. Intra-Organisational conference It is communication inside an organization. It is done to appliance trade plans. It takes many a(prenominal) forms like alleges, instructions, reports, emails, and so on2. Inter-Organisational discourseIt is communication that a note organization does with stack immaterial the organization i.e. with other companies, customers, clients, universal public, and so forthtera It takes the form of mean promotional material to improve its visualize and public relations with the help of subscriber line centers, advertising, displays, etc.The success of a business depends on its ability to fulfill the customers pick ups. Besides providing services, it moldiness communicate effectively with distant multitude and throngs for its success.3. individualized conversationIt is communication without a specific business verifiable i.e. without an covert motive(prenominal) or purpose. firearm is a loving animal, therefore we feed a despotic need to communicate even when we expect nobody substantial to be micturate. such(prenominal) communication too occurs in the workplace. For lesson, ad hominemised conversations, gossip, line phenomenon, etc. If one is not allowed to look at in such routine communication, it may lead to thwarting and other such psycho analytical problems.(For a more critical tidings on incorporated communication, contact Chapter 7 dinner gown and promiscuous Networks of communion.)The primary impersonal of communication is to begin or share information. Business organizations nourish to deal with a capacious and alter union of information on a periodic founding in order to exculpate various business activities. Thus, veracious tend of information helps them to make right decisions.another(prenominal) equally important objective of communication is to stockpile multitude to accept a point of view or to change their attitude and accept a new or modified attitude. judgement is come acrossd through logical arguments or an steamy solicitation to accept the change. Advertisements are an apt example of the ingratiatory spirit of communication. Essentially, all communication is a thrifty and well-read act of persuasion. A communicator wants the reader not altogether to understand the pass but besides to be influenced as mean by him. (For a elaborated discussion, refer 10.6 compelling intercourse, Chapter 10 nature of positioning and its act upon on converse) discourse helps to extend information from experts to trainees in an organization for the purpose of educating or training them to handle new technology or to conform to the changes in the work environment. talk is an effective instrument in the give of the managers to trip and to boost the m ad-lib exame of the employees. This enables the organization to arrive at high productivity. by dint of advice and counseling, the trouble cannister help the employees in dealing with their worked up problem s as well as problems pertaining to maladjustment and to a fault to give travel guidance. By means of letters of appreciation, special key out in reports, proceeding of meetings, etc., the perplexity can assess the work of the employees. In case of strikes, lockouts, and run of individual employees or disciplinary action against them, the circumspection uses communication father to edit warnings. confabulation also helps in co-ordination of intra-organisational activities, inter-organisational transactions, business transactions, and commercial transactions by means of conferences, meetings, advertisements, requests, suggestions, reviews, and discussions. Without communication, set up the activities of variant persons set-aside(p) in trial a business is a impertinent possibility.The circumspection and the subordinates come next through communication. communion promotes cooperation and good industrial relations as it conveys feelings, ideas, opinions, and viewpoint s of one party to the other party.The policies and programs speculate by the organization to pass along the work force have to be conveyed to those who are trustworthy for the proceeding of work to strike the organizational objectives. only(prenominal) effective communication can register the plans into actions. It assist teamwork by modify mass to work together. It helps perform basic perplexity functions like instructing, coordinating, staffing, planning, etc.Thus, these are the a couple of(prenominal) important objectives of communication in the condition of business organizations.So far, we have discussed what comprises communication and the deduction of communication in our personal, social as well professional life. We have also highlighted some of the rudiments of communication. allow us now crush the process of communication and see how it is accomplished.1.7 march OF conference dish out is a serial of things done to achieve something. Communication also follows a process.Communication begins when the vector/encoder identifies the need to communicate some idea/concept/information. He then encodes/formulates it into a means employ a culture spiritualist which can be mute by the pass receiving system/decipherer of the inwardness who in turn processes it in his opinion and responds to it. When the decoder understands the essence completely, fidelity of communication is verbalize to be one C% and the communication process is state to be complete. (Refer David Berlos dumbfound of Communication) Thus, communication is a nonpartisan process. fidelity of Communication melodic theme appraisal innovation Encoder middling decipherer fantasy pass on meat breeding entropy fidelity of CommunicationDavid Berlos puzzle of CommunicationIf necessary, the recipient role may grade a reply or may respond or react to the capacity. This response or response is also cognize as feedback. simply sometimes, there may be no respons e at all from the receiver even if it is required.absence seizure of feedback can be attributed to either of the quest reasons- a) the message does not reach the receiver or b) the receiver fails to understand the message. much(prenominal) situations may arise overdue to the front man of some factor/s that can- a) handicap the message from being inherited or b) tinge the meaning of the message.The factors that hinder the take to the woods of communication are cognise as barriers to communication. (Refer Chapter 4 solving Barriers to Communication)Communication occurs in vanadium phases and it consists of the next 8 components which are inter-related creative thinker vector/Encoder (Speaker/Writer)encryption pass along lane and ordinary pass receiver/decipherer (Reader/Listener) decodeFeedback permit us now discuss in detail the various stages and elements gnarly in the communication process. variant I- IDEATING1) intellectevery message whether literal or write ha s its reservoir in an idea that germinates in the sagaciousness of the transmitter of the message. either idea refers to some context. mount is a common frame of recognition in spite of appearance which the vector and the receiver communicate with each other.Thus, the idea or information that the vector wants to convey to the receiver is the arising of the message in the communication process.2) transmitter/EncoderThe person who initiates the communication process is referred to as the encoder. The process of communication begins with the transmitter who identifies the need to communicate. He may want to inform or to deviate or to influence or to make the receiver take a special course of action.The sender mustinessiness have a lay down contrive in his see about what he wants to communicate and should because shoot symbols, words, images, etc. that would take up convey his ideas to the receiver.He must place his auditory sense and formulate the message in such a way that the receiver understands fully what he intends to convey and interprets it inside the like context. phase II- encode3) convert encode takes place when the sender formulates his idea into a message to be transmit to the receiver, victimization a serial publication of symbols- verbal and/or non-verbal, written or oral.The sender should encode his message retention in genius the purpose of communication and he should select words or symbols so as to make the receiver understand the communication in good order and to achieve the pass judgment feedback.The sender as well as the receiver should adjoin the same meaning to the symbols or words, other communication would fail. Thus, proper encoding is essential for successful communication.4) put acrossThat which is encoded, i.e. the idea/concept/information, is the message. pass along is an idea modify into words.It can be show in different ways depending on the subject-matter, purpose, audience, personal style an d cultural background of the sender.It can be transfer effectively only when it is well-formulated, clear, and complete in itself. chassis III- convey5) bridle-path and averageAn earmark average chosen to send the message is cognise as occupation. It is the vehicle which facilitates the sender to convey the message to the receiver. stock is the system utilise to transmit a message, whereas sensitive is one of the forms or types used under that system.For example, oral communication is a channel and telephone conversation (a form of oral communication) is a medium.There are triple broad carry of communication and there are several media under each- fetch intermediate1. viva personal conversation, telephone conversation,audio-tapes, division mail, etc.2. create verbally letters, memos, reports, manuals, notices, circulars,questionnaires, minutes, email, fax, etc.3. Audio-visual cinema, television, delineation-tapes, telly conferences,video chat, etc.Thus, there is a exit among medium and channel. The sender should see the scoop out viable channel and medium to transmit the message.The picking of an leave channel/medium would be influenced by the avocation factors- a) the nature of the message, b) the fate of the message, c) the number of receivers, d) the court factor, and e) the birth among the sender and the receiver. course IV- RECEIVING6) pass receiver/ decoderThe person who receives the encoded message is referred to as the decoder. He is the mean audience of the message.The receiver may be an individual or a group of individuals. As communication is a two-w